Author: Aldanova Aziza
Translated by: Turarova Aiym
Worldwide, there are about 50 million people with dementia, and almost every year this number increases in the number of 10 million new cases. Alzheimer's disease is one of the most common forms of dementia, mainly found in the elderly. Unfortunately, this disease is detected in the later stages and leads to the degradation of memory, thinking, dementia and deprives the ability to perform daily actions. A study conducted at the University of California, San Diego, with a duration of 15 years, showed a new result, where a new biomarker was identified in the blood, which was called a predicate for early detection of Alzheimer's disease.
Since the discovery of the presence of circulating or extracellular nucleic acids (VN-NC) in human blood and other biological fluids, research has been conducted not only on the biological role, but also for use as diagnostic indicators of pathological processes. For example, WNC used as a diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive markers of cancer. Thus, the increased amount of VN-DNA in the blood became the subject of malignant neoplasms in different localities, which allowed us to bring VN-NC to a new level of diagnostics as biomarkers.
A group of scientists from the University of California, San Diego, using the new technology SILVER-seq (small-input liquid volume extracellular RNA sequencing) to create profiles of VN - RNA determined the level of the PHGDH gene that produces RNA and proteins. These products are important for brain development in children, infants and adolescents. Also, the older you are, the gene level and the number of RNA and proteins decrease. In this study, 164 blood plasma samples of elderly people over 70 years of age were used, the study was conducted for 15 years before death, whose clinical patterns were confirmed by pathological analysis of their postmortem brains. Participants included people with Alzheimer's disease, a group predisposed to the disease, and a control group. Certain VN-RNAS and transposons (mobile elements of the genome) in the brain of people with Alzheimer's disease showed an increase in blood plasma compared to the plasma of the control group. Also, the PHGDH gene demonstrated sequential activation of brain gene expression in Alzheimer's disease. It is the data of increased VN-RNA-a, PGDH gene and proteins that are the parameter for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. However, scientists identify a number of critical cases where participants died during the 15-year monitoring period, which caused some limitations in the study. But despite of this, SILVER-seq detected about 10,000 VN-RNA in 1 drop of blood, over time, 2 years before the detection of clinical symptoms, a sharp increase in VN-RNA and the PHGDH gene. This allows them to be used as biomarkers for determining disease. Whereas in Alzheimer's patients, the level was above average.
In conclusion, the use of the VN-RNA as biomarkers in the future will open up new prospects for the early diagnosis of diseases such as dementia, Alzheimer's disease, etc., which will help in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of these diseases. Based on the above statistics, scientists may be able to minimize the number of people suffering from this syndrome. Also, the disease is a huge burden not only in world health, but also brings the suffering of loved ones. Let's hope that new studies of this gene will bring new discoveries in the future and solve the problem of the disease.
